Angal Tentara Journal

Vatican City

Angal Tentara — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:35:42 +0000

Vatican City officially the State of the Vatican City, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, the capital city of Italy. At approximately 44 hectares (110 acres) (0.44 km²), and with a population of over 800, it is the smallest country in the world by both area and population.

The Cairo

Angal Tentara — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:31:20 +0000

Cairo is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab World. Nicknamed “The City of a Thousand Minarets” for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region’s political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in the tenth century, the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids in nearby Giza.

Over the ages, and as far back as four thousand years, Egypt stood as the land where civilizations have always met. The Pharaohs together with the Greeks and the Romans have left their imprints here. Muslims from the Arabian Peninsula, led by Amr ibn al-A’as, introduced Islam into Egypt. Khedive Mohammad Ali, with his Albanian family roots, put Egypt on the road to modernity. If anything, the cultural mix in this country is natural, given its heritage. Egypt can be likened to an open museum with monuments of the different historical periods on display everywhere.

Fortitude

Angal Tentara — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 21:47:15 +0000

In Roman Catholicism, courage is referred to as “Fortitude” as one of the four cardinal virtues. It is sometimes seen as a depiction of the Catholic Church’s triumph over sin. It also is a symbol in some cultures as a savior of the people who live in a community with sin and a corrupt church or religious body.

Temperance

Angal Tentara — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 21:39:15 +0000

Temperance (Sophrosyne in Greek) is the practice of moderation. It was one of the four “cardinal” virtues held to be vital to society in Hellenic culture. It is one of the Four Cardinal Virtues considered central to Christian behaviour by the Catholic Church and is an important tenet of the moral codes of other world religions—for example, it is one of the Five Precepts of Buddhism.

Classically, temperance was defined as governing natural appetites for the pleasure of senses according to the bounds of reason. No virtue could be sustained in the face of inability to control oneself, if the virtue was opposed to some desire; this is why it is classified as a cardinal virtue, where “cardinal” signifies “pivotal.”

Prudence

Angal Tentara — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 21:36:43 +0000

Prudence is the exercise of sound judgment in practical affairs. It is classically considered to be a virtue, and in particular one of the four Cardinal virtues. Although prudence would be applied to any such judgment, the more difficult tasks, which distinguish a person as prudent, are those in which various goods have to be weighed against each other, as when a person is determining what would be best to give charitable donations, or how to punish a child so as to prevent repeating an offense. Distinguishing when acts are courageous, as opposed to reckless or cowardly, for instance, is an act of prudence, and for this reason it is classified as a cardinal (pivotal) virtue.

Justice

Angal Tentara — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 21:32:03 +0000

Justice is one of the four cardinal virtues in classical European philosophy and Roman Catholicism. It is the moderation between selfishness and selflessness.

The just man renders to each and all what is due to them, which are their moral and legal rights to do, possess, or exact something.

Hope

Angal Tentara — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 21:27:17 +0000

Hope (lat. spes) is one of the three theological virtues in Christian tradition. Hope being a combination of the desire for something and expectation of receiving it, the virtue is hoping for Divine union and so eternal happiness. Like all virtues, it arises from the will, not the passions.

Faith

Angal Tentara — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 21:11:38 +0000

Faith is the confident belief or trust in the truth or trustworthiness of a person, idea, or thing. The word “faith” can refer to a religion itself or to religion in general. Faith is the action that carries out a particular belief. For example, you can believe a chair will hold your weight, but you have faith in the chair when you sit in it. As with “trust”, faith involves a concept of future events or outcomes, and is used conversely for a belief “not resting on logical proof or material evidence.”

A conviction that something is
A determination to accomplish one’s goals
A sense of joy deriving from the other two

Charity

Angal Tentara — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 20:46:50 +0000

In Christian theology charity, or love (agapē), means an unlimited loving-kindness toward all others.

The term should not be confused with the more restricted modern use of the word charity to mean benevolent giving.

The Seven Virtues

Angal Tentara — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 20:26:31 +0000

In Catholic catechism, the seven virtues refers to one of two lists of virtues, most commonly referring to the 4 Cardinal virtues of Prudence, Justice, Restraint or Temperance, and Courage or Fortitude, and the 3 Theological virtues of Faith, Hope, and Love or Charity; these were adopted by the Church Fathers from virtue as defined by the Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle.

An alternative list is the Seven heavenly virtues, opposed to the Seven deadly sins, and consisting of Chastity, Temperance, Charity, Diligence, Patience, Kindness, and Humility.